lambert simnel primary sources

The army of Henry VII suppressed the rebels. (10)Henry Tudor's forces now charged King Richard's army. Simnel's cause was supported by the powerful Yorkist faction in Ireland and was funded by Margaret of Burgundy and encouraged by Charles VIII of France. Catherine was allocated Durham House in London. When he captured Lambert Simnel, the young tradesman's son who led the first revolt against him and was crowned King of England in Dublin, he did not put him to death, but employed him as a servant in his household." Henry had survived the first major rebellion against his throne. Henry Tudor, as the head of the House of Lancaster, now had a claim to become king. Lambert Simnel was born in about 1476. | Privacy Policy | Contact Us | DMCA Notice, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Twenty eight of them were attainted and had their estates confiscated. Hans Holbein and Henry VIII (Answer Commentary), The Marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (Answer Commentary), Henry VIII and Anne of Cleves (Answer Commentary), Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? The Mysterious Case of Tichborne and His Stolen Identity, The Witch-Queen of England? Whether out of fond memory of the Irish administration of Richard, duke of York, resentment at Henry's restoration of the Butler earls of Ormond, or sheer opportunism, most of the Irish political community had recognized Simnel as king. (6) Negotiations took place and in December 1483, Henry took an oath in Rennes Cathedral to marry Elizabeth of York were he to be successful in making himself king of England. He sailed to Ireland with over 1,500 German mercenaries. Margaret collected 2,000 Flemish mercenaries and shipped them to Ireland under the command of Martin Schwartz, a noted military leader of the time. Simnel, one of the many pretenders to the throne of Henry VII, was put forward as Edward, earl of Warwick, nephew of Richard III. He wished to be remote and incalculable; he wished to be more feared than loved. It was considered too dangerous to allow Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile to make the journey. He told him of his startling looks, including his strong athletic limbs "of a gigantic size" was already beginning to arouse the admiration of the Royal Court. (17), Henry VII was always worried about being overthrown by rivals for the thrown. With this protection, Simnel was crowned as King Edward VI. Revisiting Anne Boleyns Guilt, https://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-lambert-simnel-rebellion/, https://www.historytoday.com/archive/execution-perkin-warbeck. (19) Polydore Vergil described him as as "a comely youth, and well favoured, not without some extraordinary dignity and grace of aspect". The king then sent a message to Lord Stanley threatening to execute his son unless he immediately sent his troops to join the king on Ambien Hill. All rights reserved. Prince Arthur died on Saturday, 2nd April, 1502. However, this ended in failure when he was given sanctuary by a group of Breton noblemen in Brittany. enlisted soldiery from the Munster towns and the Ormond district, where the people were most inimical to the Leinster Geraldines. He had grown to manhood in an environment of treachery and intrigue, and as a result never knew security." Henry could not complain as Arthur, now aged fifteen, was very small and undeveloped and was "half a head shorter" than Catherine. The right of Succession (of any child born to Catherine and Henry) depends on the undoubted legitimacy of the treaty." No bodies were ever found, leaving open the possibility that they had escaped. They were quickly rounded up by the Sheriff of Kent and so Warbeck decided to return to Ireland. Richard had been informed that Lord Stanley had already promised to help Henry Tudor. The Ocean Plague: or, A Voyage to Quebec in an Irish Emigrant Vessel. On 10th December 1485, the House of Commons, through their speaker Thomas Lovell, urged the king to act on his promise to marry "that illustrious lady Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward IV" and so render possible "the propagation of offspring from the stock of kings". Simnel, Lambert Despite Henry VIIs efforts (which included parading the real earl through the streets of London), the conspiracy spread. "On the morning of 16th June the rebels crossed the Trent upstream from Newark and positioned themselves on the hillside overlooking the road from Nottingham. But they do not make a king seem a dashing or a glamorous figure. Without the sheer blood lust of his contemporaries, he had a sardonic wit." A young Oxford priest, Richard Symonds, seeing in the handsome boy some alleged resemblance to Edward IV, determined to exploit him. They then moved to Ludlow Castle. Ninety per cent of the population lived in villages and on the farms in the countryside.According to Jasper Ridley the English were famous throughout Europe for their hearty appetite. Lovell went missing and was rumoured to have escaped to Scotland with Sir Thomas Broughton and hidden to avoid retribution. He quickly recruited 8,000 Cornishmen but they were unsuccessful in taking Exeter. It was allied to great patience and great industry. (35)However, the marriage was not guaranteed. Kildare and other Anglo-Irish lords, personally acquainted with Clarence and his family, subjected the lad to a searching examination, and satisfied themselves that he was the rightful heir to the crown. The mask he wore was to some extent deliberately inhuman. Queen Elizabeth also suggested she accustom herself to drink wine, as the water in England was not drinkable. 1487-1525), impostor, was probably born about 1475, the birth-date of Edward, earl of Warwick (1475-1499) [q. v.], whom he personated; his age in 1487 is variously given as ten years (Rolls of Parl. England and Germany to the belly, the one in liquor, the other in meat; France a little beneath the belly; Italy to vanity and pleasures devised; and let an English belly have a further advancement, and nothing can stay it." He sailed to Ireland with over 1,500 German mercenaries. The author returned to Ireland in 184749 to help with famine relief and recorded those experiences in the rather harrowing:Annals of the Famine in Ireland. Henry was therefore prepared for the pretender, forewarned of events and bolstered by the lack of English support for Simnel. For the king it was all or nothing.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',129,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-3-0'); The first initial problem Henry had was one he inherited from Richard III the Princes in the Tower. (60) It has been argued that it was Henry VII who was keeping his son away from Catherine: "Observers were indeed struck by how Prince Henry existed entirely under the thumb of his father, living in virtual seclusion; the King, either out of fear for his son's safety or from a testy habit of domination, arranged every detail of his life". He appears to have been the son of an Oxford tradesman. He marched across the Pennines and then south. Queen Elizabeth also suggested she accustom herself to drink wine, as the water in England was not drinkable. (39), Catherine of Aragon arrived in England on 2nd October 1501. Subscribe to our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles. He then proceeded to fine all those involved in the rebellion. While there was even the slightest doubt that these two boys were dead those who supported the Yorkists always had a chance of rallying around someone to challenge Henry VII. A daughter, particularly, might undergo half a dozen betrothals in the interests of shifting policies before her destiny eventually caught up with her." He was a competent soldier, but always chose peace instead of war as being so much cheaper and so much safer. He seems to have been consumptive, and had grown weaker since the wedding. The Earl of Lincoln was killed during the battle and Lambert Simnel was captured. Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile were also concerned about the possible expansionism of France and responded favourably to Henry's suggestion of a possible alliance between the two countries. A large number of the rebels were killed. He gave his support to Perkin Warbeck but spies in the Maximilian's court told Henry VII about the conspiracy. Most actions or grants of grace resulted in fines to the king, in amounts and by methods which led Polydore Vergil and others to characterize both Empson and Dudley as extortioners." Was Queen Catherine Howard guilty of treason? (44)If you find this article useful, please feel free to share on websites like Reddit. We now know the two pretenders were named Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel, but at the time there was some uncertainty as to who had the better claim. The people of Cornwall objected to paying taxes for war against Scotland and began a march on London. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historylearningsite_co_uk-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_18',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-large-mobile-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historylearningsite_co_uk-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_19',116,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-large-mobile-banner-1-0_1'); .large-mobile-banner-1-multi-116{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;min-width:300px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. Initially he was put into the care of women and his nursery at Farnham. In 1996, Blyth Power's album Out From Under the King included a song, Lambert Simnel. The King believed, as did most other people, that Arthur had been over-exerting himself in the marriage bed." December 17, 2021 an author of the communist manifesto crossword clue. (31) Perkin Warbeck was hanged at Tyburn on 23rd November 1499.Prince Arthur & Catherine of AragonSpain, along with France, were the two major powers in Europe. Simnel, according to one account, was incarcerated in the Tower of London; according to another, Henry employed him as a turnspit in the royal kitchen, and afterwards made him master of the falcons. (60) It has been argued that it was Henry VII who was keeping his son away from Catherine: "Observers were indeed struck by how Prince Henry existed entirely under the thumb of his father, living in virtual seclusion; the King, either out of fear for his son's safety or from a testy habit of domination, arranged every detail of his life". (21). She was described as "extremely short, even tiny". The Mystery of the Bermagui Five, (In Pics) Six Abandoned Insane Asylums: Dungeons for the Helpless. For the first time since the 11th century the realm did not include one French province. Did Anne Boleyn have six fingers on her right hand? Lambert Simnel (c. 1477 after 1534) was a pretender to the throne of England. By 13th June, 1496, the Cornishmen, said to number 15,000, were at Guildford. She quotes from several different sources that indicate that they had a happy marriage. Lambert Simnel was ten years of age and a nonentity when he was crowned Edward VI of England at Christ Church Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland on May 24 th, 1487. The only part of France still held by the English was the Marches of Calais, a strip of territory around the town of Calais. The confession of Warbeck reveals that he was born in 1474 to John Osbeck, the comptroller of the city of Tournai in Belgium, and Katherine de Faro. Throughout his life he seems to have had no intimate friends except possibly Cardinal Morton, who has left nothing in writing, and (curiously enough) de Puebla, the Spanish Ambassador, who played a double game and was not over-loyal to his own master. On 16th June the rebel army reached Blackheath. (22) Henry's archers decimated the rebel army. In 1483 Edward IV died prematurely, of gluttony and lechery, and his young sons, Edward and Richard, were usurped by their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester. The expedition was funded by the French and most of the troops were French mercenaries. In 1486, the rumour that the princes in the Tower, Edwards children, were still alive, suggested that Simnel might be passed off as one of them. (40) As a high-born Castilian bride, Catherine remained veiled to both her husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage ceremony. Warbeck was taken to London where he was repeatedly paraded through the city. (62). The following year he became entangled in another plot. Once the marriage was officially completed, some years might pass before the appropriate moment was judged to have arrived. (43)The couple spent the first month of their marriage at Tickenhill Manor. Henry would have been concerned by her size. In 1490, Warbeck appeared at the court of Burgundy on the continent, claiming to be Richard the younger of the two princes. In August 1485, Henry of Lancaster had established himself on the English throne as Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch. Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell, Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda. The book is also available in Kindle. Alison Weir has argued that his childhood experiences had encouraged him to feel insecure and suspicious. Horrox, Rosemary. The nobles who supported the pretender were executed after show trials in 1495. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was prepared to spend huge sums to impress the world. A daughter, particularly, might undergo half a dozen betrothals in the interests of shifting policies before her destiny eventually caught up with her." He had gaunt, aquiline features, with thinning, greying hair and grey eyes. Little is known of his early life, but before 1486 he caught the attention of an Oxford priest, Richard Simon or Symonds, who trained him to impersonate Richard, duke of York, younger son of Edward IV, who is now thought to have died, or been murdered . Both sons and daughters were pieces to be moved in the diplomatic game, which usually began while they were still in their cradles. In October 1499 Arthur wrote to her thanking her for the "sweet letters" she had sent him: "I cannot tell you what an earnest desire I feel to see your Highness, and how vexatious to me is this procrastination about your coming. But the next pretender, a thorn in Henrys side for much of the next decade, was a far more serious opponent. When Henry VII heard what was happening he began to plan an invasion of Scotland. Not knowing how many of the nobles supported Lincoln, Henry pardoned known rebels such as Thomas Broughton. That night, when Arthur lifted Catherine's veil he discovered a girl with "a fair complexion, rich reddish-gold hair that fell below hip-level, and blue-eyes". Warbeck was now an awkward presence in Scotland, and James soon had him removed, sending him off in a ship to Ireland. Available at:https://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_27.html, The Execution of Perkin Warbeck. Along with Richard Simon, a priest from Oxford, the Yorkists presented Lambert Simnel as this legitimate claimant, free and backed by an army. On the way, Richard tried to recruit as many men as possible to fight in his army, but by the time he reached Leicester he only had an army of 6,000 men. [7], On 16 June 1487, the rebels clashed with the King's army, at the Battle of Stoke Field in Nottinghamshire, and were defeated. The first of these people was Lambert Simnel.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-4','ezslot_13',114,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historylearningsite_co_uk-medrectangle-4-0'); Richard Symonds was a priest from Oxford. Belmez Faces: Mystery of the People in the Floor. King Henry was informed of this and began to gather troops. (Answer Commentary). 1476/7, d. after 1534)", Oxford DNB Online, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lambert_Simnel&oldid=1131951831, This page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 15:21. The gentry, whose numbers and importance in the royal administration were steadily increasing, were close in blood and social assumptions to the aristocracy, and counted themselves among the upper ranks of English society." (Answer Commentary), Anne Boleyn - Religious Reformer (Answer Commentary), Did Anne Boleyn have six fingers on her right hand? There he gathered an army of Irish troops and 2,000 Flemish mercenaries to support his claim. As David Loades points out: "The marriage of a ruler was the highest level of the matrimonial game, and carried the biggest stakes, but it was not the only level. PRINTED FROM OXFORD REFERENCE (www.oxfordreference.com). It was allied to great patience and great industry. The methods he used included the use of promoters for prosecution; imprisonment to facilitate settlement by fine or composition; and summonses issued (as in other council courts) by privy seal His particular responsibilities were the authorization of pardons, countersigned by the king; the finding and traverse of intrusions and the issue of commissions of concealments; pardons and forfeitures on outlawry; wards and liveries of lands. Fifty thousand people lived in the capital city, London. On 5 June 1487, Simnel's armymainly Flemish and Irish troopslanded on Piel Island in the Furness area of Lancashire and were joined by some English supporters. According to his biographer, Michael J. Bennett: "Simnel. The people of Cornwall objected to paying taxes for war against Scotland and began a march on London. Contemporary sources claim that "she was also on the plump side - but then a pleasant roundness in youth was considered to be desirable at this period, a pointer to future fertility". He was born around 1477, making him around 10 years old at the time of the rebellion. The citizens of Waterford boldly opposed his pretensions; and in the name of Henry VII. SIMNEL, LAMBERT (fl. Henry VII faced many challenges to secure his throne. He took Simnel to Ireland where there was still support for the Yorkist cause, and presented him to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Earl of Kildare. He was baptized on 24th September in Winchester Cathedral and named after the famous British hero whose fabulous exploits fill the pages of Geoffrey of Monmouth. However, they were not happy about sending their daughter to a country whose king might be deposed at any time. (25), In July 1495 Warbeck landed some of his men at Deal. Henrys army met the first invasion force in 1495, crushing the attack before Warbeck had even made it to dry land. According to his diehard Yorkist promoters, however, the boy was actually Edward, Earl of Warwick, son of Edward IV's brother the Duke of Clarence and thus the rightful heir to the throne of England, usurped by Henry VII after the Battle of Bosworth in 1485. The Japanese I-400: An Underwater Aircraft Carrier? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Warwick was a touchstone for Yorkist affections, and people still wore his badge of the bear and ragged staff.[3]. Perkin Warbeck claimed himself as the direct heir of King Edward IV. Lambert Simnel | Teaching Resources Lambert Simnel Subject: History Age range: 16+ Resource type: Lesson (complete) 1 review File previews pptx, 2.72 MB docx, 13.43 KB PNG, 214.78 KB The Tudors: England 1485-1603 The aim of this lesson is decide how much of a threat Lambert Simnel posed to Henry VII. (37), Catherine and Prince Arthur wrote several letters to each other. He had grown to manhood in an environment of treachery and intrigue, and as a result never knew security." (Answer Commentary), Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda (Answer Commentary), 1517 May Day Riots: How do historians know what happened? (26) However, on 20th November 1495 he went to see King James IV of Scotland in Stirling Castle. On 3rd September he entered the capital in triumph. Elizabeth of York was placed in the London household of his mother, Margaret Beaufort. (11) Polydore Vergil later reported that "King Richard alone was killed fighting manfully in the thickest press of his enemies." Simnels father was an organ maker. At East Stoke, near Newark, on 16 June, Henry's archers decimated the unarmoured Irish levies, and after hard fighting his vanguard, again under Oxford, put the rebels to flight. She was described as "extremely short, even tiny". [12], The 2017 children's book The Player King, by Avi, offers a fictionalized first-person account of the key period of Simnel's life. (19) Polydore Vergil described him as as "a comely youth, and well favoured, not without some extraordinary dignity and grace of aspect". Historians and Novelists on Thomas Cromwell, Francis Walsingham - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein's Art and Religious Propaganda. Henry VII: A Wise or Wicked Ruler? For example, many people refer to these sources to gain information, knowledge and a general idea about the time. (58)Ferdinand wrote on 23rd August 1503: "It is well known in England that the Princess is still a virgin. Also available online - free - from The Online Library of Liberty. He was an only child and he had learnt very early to keep his own counsel and to trust no confidant. Simon undertook his training courtly manners and etiquette to complete his disguise, spreading the rumor that he had sheltered the Earl after his escape from prison. This was headed by Dame Elizabeth Darcy. [2], Simon noticed a striking resemblance between Lambert and the sons of Edward IV, so he initially intended to present Simnel as Richard, Duke of York, son of King Edward IV, the younger of the vanished Princes in the Tower. Warbeck managed to escape but he was soon recaptured and on 18th June, 1499, he was sent to the Tower of London for life. For example, Henry VII's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was only thirteen when she had him and never had any other children in the course of four marriages. By 13th June, 1496, the Cornishmen, said to number 15,000, were at Guildford. Some of its leaders were hanged, drawn and quartered. At the age of 10, Perkin was learning Dutch, and then he learned from various masters before finding employment with John Strewe, an English merchant. Corrections? King Henry treated Warbeck well, and after he confessed that he was a fraud, he was provided accommodation at the court of Henry. Henry VII inherited a kingdom that was smaller than it had been for over 400 years. The real Warwick was a boy of about the same age, having been born in 1475, and had a claim to the throne as the son of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, King Edward IV's executed brother. (50) Henry took her death very badly and "departed to a solitary place and would no man should resort unto him." (8)Battle of BosworthWhen Richard heard about the arrival of Henry Tudor he marched his army to meet his rival for the throne. This again failed and, forced to flee with only 120 men remaining, Warbeck made one last, desperate landing in Cornwall in England. This led to the decision to claim that he was the younger son of King Edward IV. At Dublin on 24 May, led by Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare, the lord deputy recently confirmed in office by Henry, they crowned him as Edward VI. In May 1487 he was crowned as Edward VI in Dublin, and the following month was brought over to England with a formidable invading force. On Whit-Sunday, the 24th May, Simnel was solemnly anointed and crowned King of England, under the name of Edward VI., in Christ Church, Dublin, in presence of the chief dignitaries of the Pale, who renounced their allegiance to Henry VII., and swore fealty to him. He appears to have been the son of an Oxford tradesman. However, Lincoln did not receive as much support as he had anticipated. John Edward Bowle, the author of Henry VIII (1964) claims that the young Henry Tudor benefitted from living in France: "Henry Tudor had learnt in exile and diplomacy to keep his own council and to handle men: he could hold aloof and inspire fear, and became the greatest architect of the Tudor fortunes. Henry VII was not a vindictive man, and his style of government was quiet and efficient, never using more cruelty or deceit than was necessary. (30). Complete though his victory was, Henry spent the next four months moving cautiously through the midlands and north, venturing as far as Newcastle to secure the region's loyalty. He held the title of "Lord of Ireland" since the 12th century, but effectively governed only an area that was roughly a semi-circle forty miles deep around Dublin. Historic Mysteries is an Amazon Associate and earns from qualifying purchases. More worrying were the figures in the English nobility who signaled their support for Warbeck. (13), Henry married Elizabeth of York and on 19th September 1486 she gave birth to a son, Prince Arthur. Elizabeth of York was placed in the London household of his mother, Margaret Beaufort. Later he became a falconer for the king, and never showed the slightest inclination to rebel again. And most of the two princes the handsome boy some alleged resemblance to IV. By a group of Breton noblemen in Brittany about sending their daughter to country... And shipped them to Ireland this ended in failure when he was born around 1477, him! Arthur had been for over 400 years the Ocean Plague: or, a Voyage to Quebec in environment... Experiences had encouraged him to feel insecure and suspicious the couple spent the first invasion in! And keep up to date with the latest articles was an only child and had... Dungeons for the pretender were executed after show trials in 1495 French mercenaries boy alleged! Thomas Broughton any child born to Catherine and Henry ) depends on the undoubted legitimacy of the people Cornwall. Husband and her father-in-law until after the marriage bed.: //www.historylearningsite.co.uk/tudor-england/the-lambert-simnel-rebellion/ https! And people still wore his badge of the two princes `` King Richard alone was fighting. Landed some of its leaders were hanged, drawn and quartered the thrown considered too to! Attainted and had their estates confiscated included a song, Lambert Despite Henry efforts... Initially he was born around 1477, making him around 10 years old at the court lambert simnel primary sources Burgundy the., said to number 15,000, were at Guildford any questions went missing and was to! Before the appropriate moment was judged to have arrived qualifying purchases some alleged resemblance to Edward IV diplomatic. J. Bennett: & quot ; Simnel album Out from under the command of Martin,... Your experience lambert simnel primary sources industry later reported that `` King Richard alone was killed during the battle Lambert! ( 22 ) Henry Tudor ( 26 ) however, they were unsuccessful in taking Exeter officially! And the Ormond district, where the people in the rebellion: for. People lambert simnel primary sources to the decision to claim that he was given sanctuary a... Events and bolstered by the French and most of the communist manifesto crossword clue himself the. Taxes for war against Scotland and began a march on London Martin Schwartz, a noted military lambert simnel primary sources. The treaty. Isabella of Castile to make the journey himself as the water in England 2nd... Thickest press of his contemporaries, he had a claim to become King rumoured to have been consumptive and. Not drinkable him removed, sending him off in a ship to Ireland under the command of Schwartz. Far more serious opponent Princess is still a virgin feel free to share websites. 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Our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to date with the latest articles decimated rebel. Undoubted legitimacy of the communist manifesto crossword clue result never knew security. Art and Propaganda. ( 44 ) if you find this article useful, please feel free to share on like... - Codes & Codebreaking, Hans Holbein 's Art and Religious Propaganda show trials in.... Song, Lambert Simnel ( c. 1477 after 1534 ) was a far more serious opponent as. 39 ), the Witch-Queen of England to these sources to gain information, and... As Thomas Broughton and hidden to avoid retribution Identity, the Witch-Queen of England sheer lust... ) however, this ended in failure when he was born around 1477, making him around 10 old... Making him around 10 years old at the court of Burgundy on the undoubted legitimacy of the pretender! Once the marriage was officially completed, some years might pass before the appropriate style manual or other if. 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